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Sunday, January 29, 2012

פָּרָשַׁת בֹּא



פָּרָשַׁת בֹּא
פָּרָשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ מַתְחִילָה בְּהוֹדָעָתוֹ שֶׁל הָקָּבָּ"ה לְמֹשֶׁה כִּי עָלָיו לָלֶכֶת אֶל פַּרְעֹה וּלְהַכּוֹת אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת עַמּוֹ בַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַמַּכּוֹת. יוֹתֵר מְעַנְיֶינֶת הִיא הַסִּיבָּה לַמַּכּוֹת הָאֵלֶּה, שֶׁנָּפְלוּ (נִיחְתוּ) עַל מִצְרַיִם, שֶׁלֹּא בְּאַשְׁמַת פַּרְעֹה מֵאַחַר וְהָקָּבָּ"ה הוּא שֶׁהִקְשִׁיחַ אֶת לִיבּוֹ. אִם כֵּן- מַהִי הַסִּיבָּה? כְּדֵי שֶׁבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְעַם יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּעָתִיד, יַאֲמִינוּ בְּכוֹחוֹ שֶׁל הָקָּבָּ"ה.

אֲבָל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּבָר שָׁמְעוּ מִמֹּשֶׁה וְאַהֲרוֹן מִיהוּ הָקָּבָּ"ה וְהֵם מַכִּירִים אֶת הַסִּיפּוּרִים עַל אֱלוֹהֵי אֲבוֹתָם.- "אֱלוֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם, אֱלוֹהֵי יִצְחַק וֶאֱלוֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב", שֶׁהֲרֵי כָּךְ הָקָּבָּ"ה  מַצִּיג עַצְמוֹ בִּפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה, שֶׁהָיָה חָסֵר אֶת הָרֶקַע הַיְהוּדִי- הַשִּׁבְטִי שֶׁבְּוַודַּאי שֶׁהָיָה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר חָיוּ בְּמִסְגֶּרֶת מְשׁוּתֶּפֶת וְחָיוּ חַיֵּי פוֹלְקְלוֹר. לָכֵן- פַּרְעֹה קִיבֵּל אֶת הַמַּכּוֹת לֹא כְּדֵי לְהַעֲנִישׁוֹ אֶלָּא כְּדֵי לְהַרְאוֹת לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת כּוֹחוֹ כִּי הָקָּבָּ"ה יָדַע שֶׁפַּרְעֹה יִשָּׁבֵר וְיַאֲמִין מִיָּד אַחֲרֵי הַמַּכָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. אַחֶרֶת- מָה הַטַּעַם לְהַקְשָׁחָת הַלֵּב?

בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שָׁמְעוּ כְּבָר עַל כּוֹחוֹ שֶׁל אֶל זֶה, אַךְ לֹא הָיוּ מְשׁוּכְנָעִים בַּאֲמִיתּוּת הַדְּבָרִים. הֵם כְּבָר רָאוּ אֶת הַאוֹתוֹת וְשָׁמְעוּ אֶת דִּבְרֵיהֶם שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרוֹן אַךְ עֲדַיִין הָיוּ סְקֶפְּטִיים. מָה שֶׁמַּדְהִים הוּא- שֶׁהָקָּבָּ"ה נוֹתֵן לֶגִיטִימַצְיָה לַפִּיקְפּוּק שֶׁלָּהֶם בְּכוֹחוֹ וְנוֹתֵן לָהֶם מוֹפָע מַרְשִׁים שֶׁל יְכוֹלוֹתָיו ע"מ לְהוֹכִיחַ לָהֶם אַחַת וְלַתָּמִיד.
אֵלֶּה הֵן שְׁאֵלוֹת רֵטוֹרִיוֹת. הַתְּשׁוּבָה לֹא חֲשׁוּבָה וְהַשְּׁאֵלָה נוֹתֶרֶת תְּלוּיָה בָּאֲוִויר וּמְחַזֶּקֶת אֶת הַהֲבָנָה- "וָואוּ, כְּנִרְאֶה הָיָה לוֹ יוֹם מַמָּשׁ קָשֶׁה בַּעֲבוֹדָה". 

Parashat Bo
This week's Parasha begins with the announcement from G-d to Moses that he has to go to Pharoah and strike him and his people with the 10 plagues. More interesting is the reason for these plagues that fell (descended) upon Egypt which cannot be blamed on Pharoah due to G-d hardening his heart. If this is so- what is the reason? So that the children of Israel and the future nation of Israel will believe in G-d's might.

But the children of Israel already heard from Moses and Aharon who G-d was and they recognized the stories about the G-d of our forefathers- "the G-d of Abraham, the G-d of Issac, the G-d of Jacob". Indeed G-d presents Himself before Moses, who was without the Jewish tribal background which the children of Israel definitely had living in a communal framework and living a life filled with folklore. Therefore Pharoah received the plagues not in order to punish him rather in order to show the Children of Israel the strength that G-d  knew that Pharoah would break and believe immediately after the first plague. Otherwise- what was the point of hardening his heart?

The children of Israel had already heard the might of this G-d, but they were not convinced  about the truth of the occurrences. They had already seen the signs and heard what Moshe and Aharon said but they were still skeptics. What is amazing is that G-d gave legitimacy to their uncertainty in his might and gave them an impressive display of his abilities in order to prove to them once and for all.

And this is what is so beautiful and special about Judaism- the openness and freedom to ask questions and bring uncertainty, also after you have heard and studied. In essence it is the asking of the question which is the important process in learning and in faith. This moves me to an interesting manifestation in the Modern Hebrew language. We don't tell or describe, we ask: "Isn't this nice!", "How beautiful are you!" "Isn't this a nice day!" "Isn't this an occurrence!" "How hungry am I!" 

These are rhetorical questions. The answer is not important and the question remains hanging in the air and reinforces the understanding- "Wow it seems to be like he had a very hard day at work".
 

Thursday, January 19, 2012

Ben Yehuda

Scroll down for English

בֵּן יְהוּדָה
בְּחוֹדֶשׁ יָנוּאָר זֶה אָנוּ מְצַיְּינִים 157 שָׁנָה לְהוּלַּדְתּוֹ שֶׁל אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֵּן יְהוּדָה, הָאִישׁ שֶׁבִּזְכוּתוֹ אָנוּ מְדַבְּרִים הַיּוֹם בִּשְׂפַת הַתַּנַ"ךְ גַּם בַּמַּכּוֹלֶת וְגַם בָּאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה. בֵּן יְהוּדָה אָומְנָם לֹא הִמְצִיא אֶת הַשָּׂפָה הָעִבְרִית, וְהַמִּילּוֹן שֶׁלּוֹ אֵינֶנּוּ שִׁימּוּשִׁי בְּיוֹתֵר, אַךְ אָנוּ חַיָּיבִים לוֹ תּוֹדָה גְּדוֹלָה. גַּדְלוּתוֹ הִיא בַּכָּךְ שֶׁדָּחַף וְקָרָא לָעַם הַיְהוּדִי לַחֲזוֹר לִשְׂפַת הָאָבוֹת, לִשְׂפַת הַמָּקוֹר שֶׁלּוֹ וּלְהִתְיַיחֵס לְעִבְרִית כְּאֶל שָׂפָה חָיָה וְנוֹשֶׁמֶת, בָּהּ אֶפְשָׁר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ גַּם בָּעִידָּן הַמּוֹדֶרְנִי וְגַם לְעִנְיְינֵי חוֹל.
דַּרְכּוֹ שֶׁל בֵּן יְהוּדָה לֹא הָיְיתָה קַלָּה, וַחֲלוֹמוֹ גָּרַם לוֹ וּלְמִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ יִיסּוּרִים רַבִּים וּבִידּוּד חֶבְרָתִי. הוּא הָיָה שָׂנוּא עַל הַיְּהוּדִים שֶׁגָּרוּ אָז בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל (רוּבָּם יְהוּדִים דָּתִיִים שֶׁגָּרוּ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל מְסִיבּוֹת דָּתִיוֹת וְלָאו דַּוְוקָא צִיוֹנִיוֹת) בִּגְלַל רְצוֹנוֹ לַהֲפוֹךְ אֶת שְׂפַת הַקּוֹדֶשׁ לִשְׂפַת חוֹל וְהוּא הָיָה שָׂנוּא עַל הַשִּׁלְטוֹן הַעוֹתְ'מָנִי, מֵאַחָר וְהָיוּ לוֹ שְׁאִיפוֹת לְאוּמָנִיּוֹת אֲשֶׁר 
בִּגְלָלָן הוּא יָשַׁב גַּם בְּכֶלֶא.



גַּם בְּחַיָּיו הָאִישִׁים הוּא לֹא רָוָוה נַחַת- הוּא עַצְמוֹ הָיָה חוֹלֶה בְּשַׁחֶפֶת, אִישְׁתּוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, דְּבוֹרָה, מֵתָה לְאַחַר שֶׁנִדְבֶּקָה מִמֶּנּוּ וְכָךְ גַּם שְׁלוֹשָׁה מִיַּלְדֵיהֶם. בְּנוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן, בֵּן צִיּוֹן (שֶׁאַחַר כָּךְ שִׁינָּה אֶת שְׁמוֹ לְ"אִיתָמָר"), הָיָה "הַיֶּלֶד הָעִבְרִי הָרִאשׁוֹן". תּוֹאַר זֶה נִשְׁמַע מְכוּבָּד מְאוֹד אַךְ גַּם גָּרַר אִיתּוֹ הַרְבֵּה קְשָׁיִים. אִיתָמָר הֵחֵל לְדַבֵּר בְּגִיל מְאוּחָר מְאוֹד וְהָיָה מְבוּדָּד מֵחֲבֵרִים, בִּגְלַל שֶׁהוּא הָיָה הַיֶּלֶד הַיָּחִיד שֶׁדִּיבֵּר עִבְרִית. רַק עִבְרִית.

אֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר כִּי בֵּן יְהוּדָה וּמִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ, (שֶׁתָּמְכָה בּוֹ לְאוֹרֶךְ כָּל הַדֶּרֶךְ וְלָקְחָה חֵלֶק בְּמִפְעָלוֹ), מִצְטָרְפִים אַל שַׁרְשֶׁרֶת הַנְּבִיאִים בְּעָלֵי אֵשׁ הָאֱמוּנָה הַיּוֹקֶדֶת בְּעַם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבַעֲתִידוֹ אֲשֶׁר הִקְרִיבוּ  לְמַעַן חֲלוֹמָם אֶת חַיֵּיהֶם.

Ben Yehuda
In the month of January we commemorate 157 years since the birthday of Eliezer Ben Yehuda, the man in whose merit we speak today the language of the bible in the corner shop and in University. Ben Yehuda whilst he didn't invent the Hebrew language and his dictionary wasn't the most useful, we are still obliged to give him huge gratitude. His greatness was that he pressured and called on the Jewish people to return to the language of their forefathers, to their original language and to connect to Hebrew as a living and breathing language with which is able to be used as well in the modern era and with secular subjects.

Ben Yehuda's path was not easy and his dream caused him and his whole family great suffering and social isolation. He was loathed by the Jews that lived at that time in Israel (mostly the religious Jews who lived in Israel for religious reasons rather than Zionist reasons) because of his desire to change Hebrew from a holy language to a secular language. He was also hated by the Ottoman rule because of nationalist reasons; and for this he also ended up in prison.

Also in his private life he wasn't appeased- he, himself was sick with tuberculosis, his first wife Devora died after she caught it from him and in this manner so did 3 of their children. His firstborn Ben Zion (who later changed his name to Itamar), was the "first Hebrew boy" which when described like this sounds very honorable, but it also resulted with him having a lot of hardship. Itamar began to speak very late and he was lonely without friends because he was the only boy who spoke Hebrew, only Hebrew.

One can say that Ben Yehuda and his family (that supported him throughout his journey and took on a part of his work), join the chain of prophets with their burning fire of faith in the people of Israel and their future, who sacrificed their own lives for their dream.

Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Happy New Years!

For English scroll down....


שָׁלוֹם לְכוּלָּם.

חַג הַחֲנוּכָּה עָבַר, הַיְלָדִים חָזְרוּ לְבֵית הַסֵּפֶר וְעַכְשָׁיו אֲנַחְנוּ כְּבָר חוֹשְׁבִים עַל הַמְּסִיבָּה הַבָּאָה- רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה הָאֶזְרָחִי, שֶׁנִּקְרָא גַּם "הַסִּילְבֶסְטֵר". אָז נָכוֹן שֶׁזֶּה לֹא מַמָּשׁ אֶחָד מֵרָאשֵׁי הַשָּׁנָה הַיְּהוּדִיים, אֲבָל גַּם זֹאת סִיבָּה לִמְסִיבָּה. בְּיַהֲדוּת יֵשׁ אַרְבָּעָה רָאשִׁי שָׁנָה, כָּכָה שֶׁכִּבְיָכוֹל אֵין לָנוּ בְּעָיָה לְהוֹסִיף עוֹד אֶחָד. רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה הַמְפוּרְסָם בְּיוֹתֵר הוּא  א' בְּתִשְׁרֵי, הַיּוֹם בּוֹ נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם וְהַיּוֹם בּוֹ מַתְחִילִים בִּסְפִירַת הַשָּׁנִים לְעִנְיָין שֶׁמִּיטָּה וְיוּבַל. ט"וּ בִּשְׁבָט הַמִּתְקָרֵב אֵלֵינוּ בִּמְהִירוּת הוּא רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָאִילָנוֹת (לָעֵצִים). א' בְּנִיסָן הוּא רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַמְּלָכִים וְלִשְׁלוֹשֶׁת הָרְגָלִים (כָּךְ שֶׁפֶּסַח הוּא בְּעֶצֶם הַחַג הָרִאשׁוֹן בַּשָּׁנָה) וְאַחֲרוֹן חָבִיב- א' בֶּאֱלוּל, שֶׁהוּא ר"ה לְמַעֲשֵׁר בְּהֵמָה, אֲבָל כְּבָר אֵינוֹ מִתְקַיֵּים בְּיָמֵינוּ.

הָרִאשׁוֹן בְּיָנוּאָר, לְעוּמַּת כָּל אֵלֶּה, אֵינֶנּוּ חַג יְהוּדִי כְּלָל (לַמְרוֹת שֶׁזֶּהוּ תַּאֲרִיךְ בְּרִית הַמִּילָה שֶׁל יְשׁוּעַ, הוּא יְשׁוּ- וְזֶהוּ בֶּטַח עִנְיָין יְהוּדִי מְאוֹד...). זֶהוּ רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁל הַלּוּחַ הַגְרֶגוֹרִיָאנִי אֲשֶׁר בַּמִּקְרֶה נִבְחַר גַּם כְּיוֹם הַזִּיכָּרוֹן שֶׁל הָאַפִּיפְיוֹר הַקָּתוֹלִי סִילְבֶסְטֵר הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁהָיָה יָדוּעַ בְּאִי אַהֲבָתוֹ לַכּוֹפְרִים וְלִיהוּדִים בְּעִיקָּר. מְסִיבָּה לֹא יְדוּעַה, הַשָּׂם "סִילְבֶסְטֵר" הָפַךְ לִשְׁמוֹ שֶׁל הַחַג בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלֹא "עֶרֶב הַשָּׁנָה הַחֲדָשָׁה", בְּדוּמָה לַאֲרָצוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת. אוּלַי עַל מְנַת לְהַפְרִיד בֵּינוֹ (שֶׁהוּא, כְּאָמוּר, חַג נוֹצְרִי) וּבֵין רָאשֵׁי הַשָּׁנָה הָעִבְרִיִּים.

אֲנַחְנוּ קוֹרְאִים לוֹ גַּם "רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה הָאֶזְרָחִי", מְאַחַר וּשְׁמוֹ שֶׁל הַלּוּחַ הַגְרֶגוֹרִיָאנִי בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא "לוּחַ הַשָּׁנָה הָאֶזְרָחִי" אֲשֶׁר בּוֹ מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁים בְּעִיקָּר בְּקֶשֶׁר לְעִנְיָינִים מִדִּינִים, אֲשֶׁר אֵינָם דָּתִיִים (מוֹעֲדִים מְיוּחָדִים וְכַדּוֹמֶה).



Shalom to you all!

Chanukkah has passed, the children have returned to school and we are now thinking about the next party- the new civil year, also called "Sylvester". It is true that it is not one of the Jewish new years but it is still an excuse to party! In Judaism we have four new years, so seemingly it is not a problem to add another. The most famous date of new year is the first of Tishrei, the day on which the world was created and the day upon which we begin to count the year in relation to Shmitah and Yovel (farming laws). The 15th of Shvat is speedily approaching and this is the new year for trees. The 1st of Nissan is the royal new year and of the three pilgrimage festivals (and so Pesach is in effect the first festival of the year) and the last but not least is the first of Elul which is the new year of the tithing of the animals but this is not carried out today.

The first of January as opposed to all of these, is not a general Jewish festival (despite it being the date of the brit milah of Yeshua, Jesus- and this is a very Jewish topic…). This is the New Year of the Gregorian calendar that in its origin was also the memorial day of the late Catholic Pope Sylvester 1st who was known for dislike of atheists and Jews. For a reason unknown, the name Sylvester has become the name of this festival in Israel instead of New Years Eve in the same way as other countries. Maybe this is to differentiate between it (which it can be said is a Christian festival) and between the Hebrew new years.

We also call this New Years, the Civil New Year. This is so called after the Gregorian calendar which in Israel is known as the "civil calendar" which is used in essence with regard to all political matters which are not religious (significant dates as an example).


Happy New Years